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排序方式: 共有196条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
71.
Daphné Durant Eric Kernéïs Jean-Marc Meynard Jean-Philippe Choisis Claude Chataigner Jean-Michel Hillaireau Christophe Rossignol 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2018,22(6):1177-1190
Storm Xynthia crossed France’s western coast between 28th February and 1st March 2010. It hit the Vendée and Charente-Maritime departments hardest, as storm surge flooded up to 23,000 ha of coastal agricultural areas (i.e. polders), causing severe damage to farming operations. However, farm-level damage in the aftermath of seawater flooding is an issue that has rarely been explored in the literature. Here we investigated the effects of storm Xynthia on agriculture at the farm scale. We focused on the case study of Saint Laurent de la Prée research farm, a mixed crop–livestock system that was severely hit. All damages were described and economic losses were quantified for the years 2010 and 2011. The results show numerous consequences of the storm in terms of crop and fodder production losses, but also farm infrastructure repairs, crop restoration and animal health problems. Economic damage costs were high, reaching €71,720 in 2010 (€500/ha flooded) and €56,195 (€390/ha) in 2011 for the case study farm. The discussion highlights the farm-level impacts of seawater flooding and the crucial factors that can explain the damage caused to agriculture by storm events in coastal areas. The results are also discussed in the wider context of global warming which is expected to cause sea level rise and more frequent storm events in the future. The vulnerability of coastal agricultural areas to storms thus exposes broader issues of coastal flooding risk management and specifically the allied protection–remediation–adaptation measures. The conclusions underline the need for future research to address prospective scenarios and subsequent adaptive strategies. 相似文献
72.
73.
Verville J Guy C Caron RF 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2004,54(2):172-180
Gasholders consist of a floating bell in a tank filled with water. Water provides a seal between the enclosed gas and ambient air. Gasholder emissions come from the contaminated water seal exposed to ambient air and the wet bell wall. The study objectives were to define parameters influencing gasholder emissions, determine the quantities of vinyl chloride (VC) emitted, generate a correlation equation between parameters of influence and mass emissions, and evaluate the efficiency of emission reduction methods. The research project was carried out on a laboratory-scale representation of a gasholder. The classic two-phase resistance model was used successfully to generate a correlation equation, which can be used to calculate the gasholder water seal emissions. A strictly empirical model was generated to estimate the wet wall emissions. Two in situ reduction methods were evaluated with the laboratory installations: floating objects and an oil layer. Both methods showed significant emission reductions, but the oil layer was the most effective. To reduce emissions even further, it is recommended that the water level of the gasholder be set to the lowest achievable level, that a windshield be placed around the water seal perimeter, and that hydrophobic paint be used on the bell wall. 相似文献
74.
Pierre A. Maron Christophe Mougel David P. H. Lejon Esmeralda Carvalho Karine Bizet Graldine Marck Nadge Cubito Philippe Lemanceau Lionel Ranjard 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2006,40(40):8074-8080
Temporal airborne bacterial genetic community structure and meteorological factors were analysed above an urban area in the northwest of France from December 2003 to April 2004 with a sampling strategy considering different time intervals (from an hour to a month). Principal component analysis (PCA) of B-ARISA (Bacterial-Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis) profiles revealed a hierarchy in the temporal variability of bacterial community: daily<weekly<seasonal. Co-inertia analysis between B-ARISA data and meteorological factors demonstrated the correlation between the seasonal variability in the bacterial community and climatic conditions such as temperature and relative humidity, whereas daily and weekly variability seemed likely to be managed by other factors such as anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
75.
Kai Lindström Colette M. St. Mary Christophe Pampoulie 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,60(1):46-51
Male parental care is typically thought to come at a cost to mate attraction and future mating success. However, it has also
been hypothesized that paternal care may be under sexual, as well as natural, selection, such that good fathers actually attract
more mates. Here we show experimentally that in the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus, females prefer to mate with males that provide higher levels of parental care. We manipulated male behavior using (1) different
nest sizes and (2) an application of low-O2 water in the nests, and found that females consistently preferred males with elevated levels of care in dichotomous mate
choice tests. This complements our earlier study in which we showed that males increase the amount and quality of care they
provide in the presence of females. Our results demonstrate that male care may have evolved as a result of sexual selection
rather than natural selection alone, and furthermore, that male care may not necessarily be in conflict with mate attraction. 相似文献
76.
B-type esterases in the snail Xeropicta derbentina: an enzymological analysis to evaluate their use as biomarkers of pesticide exposure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laguerre C Sanchez-Hernandez JC Köhler HR Triebskorn R Capowiez Y Rault M Mazzia C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):199-207
The study was prompted to characterize the B-type esterase activities in the terrestrial snail Xeropicta derbentina and to evaluate its sensitivity to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. Specific cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities were mainly obtained with acetylthiocholine (Km = 77.2 mM; Vmax = 38.2 mU/mg protein) and 1-naphthyl acetate (Km = 222 mM, Vmax = 1095 mU/mg protein) substrates, respectively. Acetylcholinesterase activity was concentration-dependently inhibited by chlorpyrifos-oxon, dichlorvos, carbaryl and carbofuran (IC50 = 1.35 × 10−5-3.80 × 10−8 M). The organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity was reactivated in the presence of pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride. Carboxylesterase activity was inhibited by organophosphorus insecticides (IC50 = 1.20 × 10−5-2.98 × 10−8 M) but not by carbamates. B-esterase-specific differences in the inhibition by organophosphates and carbamates are discussed with respect to the buffering capacity of the carboxylesterase to reduce pesticide toxicity. These results suggest that B-type esterases in X. derbentina are suitable biomarkers of pesticide exposure and that this snail could be used as sentinel species in field monitoring of Mediterranean climate regions. 相似文献
77.
Acetochlor mineralization and fate of its two major metabolites in two soils under laboratory conditions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The degradation of the herbicide acetochlor, in a neoluvisol and in a calcosol were studied as a function of depth (0-25cm and 25-50cm) and temperature (25 degrees C and 15 degrees C) under controlled laboratory conditions during 58 and 90 days, respectively. The surface and sub-surface soil samples were respectively spiked with 1 and 0.01mgkg(-1) of 14C-acetochlor, the concentrations observed in previous field monitoring. The half-lives (DT50) varied from 1.4 to 14.9 days depending on the soil, temperature and applied concentration. The maximal mineralization (24%) was observed for the surface calcosol at 25 degrees C. The comparison of results obtained for sterilized and non-sterilized soils, the decrease of DT50 with the increase of temperature, the shape of CO2 emissions and the increase of number of aerobic endogenous microflora through the experiment suggested that biological process are dominant in degradation. A particular attention was paid to the formation and dissipation of metabolites ESA (ethanesulphonic acid) and OA (oxanilic acid) during the whole experiment. At 25 degrees C, ESA and OA were observed after three days, but as ESA concentration decreased over time in surface calcosol, it remained constant in surface neoluvisol. A difference in ESA/OA ratio depends on the soil with a predominance of OA in surface neoluvisol and a disappearance of OA in surface calcosol. 相似文献
78.
This article presents field tests comparing two methods of treatment of chlorinated solvents undertaken at the same site. The site is an automobile factory where two chlorinated solvents (CS) plumes were identified. At the first source, in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) was applied, while at the second one, enhanced natural attenuation (ENA) was used. A set of specific multilevel sampling wells were installed approximately 20 m downgradient of the sources to estimate the efficiency of the treatments. The presence of a low‐permeability layer (source 1) or a thick oil lens (source 2) in the top part of the aquifer prevented the CS from reaching the bottom of the aquifer. These layers led to difficulties treating the contamination. At the ISCR and ENA treatment zones, the concentrations of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) did not change significantly, while the concentration of metabolites (cis‐1,2‐DCE, vinyl chloride, and ethene) significantly increased 50 to 150 days after treatment. Due to high concentration of CS in the source zone, a mass balance calculation, including chlorine, was possible. It showed that around 1 to 2 percent of the injected products were used to reduce the CS. A detailed analysis and 1D analytical modeling of CS concentrations showed that the treatment led to a large (two to three times) increase in dissolution of the organic phase. This explains why, despite an efficient treatment, the PCE and TCE concentrations remained virtually unchanged. Degradation rates also increased due to the treatment. Due to some differences in the source‐zone chemistry, it was not possible to differentiate between the ISCR and ENA efficiencies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
79.
Pelfrêne Aurélie Sahmer Karin Waterlot Christophe Douay Francis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(20):20107-20120
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Although growing vegetables in urban gardens has several benefits, some questions in relation with the safety of foods remain when the self-production... 相似文献
80.
Cubero-Leon E Ciocan CM Minier C Rotchell JM 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2728-2733